If you're a writer with the intent to publish a book (self-publishing, traditional publishing, or anything in between), knowing how the industry works and what those industry expectations are is a crucial aspect of becoming a full-time author. While it may seem easy enough to publish these days, it's an entirely different beast to publish well. But, I should mention the caveat here, that this all depends on your goals.
Publishing a book just to have a book published is going to have fewer and less precise requirements than say, hoping to go build out a career. It's also important to mention that when starting out, a debut novel is usually not the best book you will ever write. And it doesn't have to be. You just need to be proud of it.
Now, all those notes aside, let's dig into the industry.
Genres in the publishing industry
The publishing industry is a treasure trove of genres, appealing to a vast variety of readers. There's everything from action to thrillers to romance. No matter your taste, there's a book for you out there.
While going through an exhaustive list of genres would take far longer than we have today, what I can provide is this link to a list of 95 different genres in both fiction and non-fiction. The descriptions are short, but it should give an idea of where your book might fit.
It's also important to mention that pretty much every genre also has at least two sub-genres. These are more niche descriptions for the settings and themes of books that help readers to identify what they might expect. (For example, dystopian is a sub-genre of science fiction.)
For the most part, genres are used as a marketing tool for categorization and communication. Throwing out a book to the world that is just "a book" makes it difficult for readers to know whether or not they might be interested. Narrowing the scope by genre makes it easy for readers to search for elements they already know they enjoy.
By this standard, it also means that every genre has certain aspects that will be expected by readers. One of the most recent debates I've seen centered around romance and whether it required a Happily Ever After (or HEA). The verdict: romances have HEAs, if it doesn't, it's a tragedy.
Be sure that, no matter how you're categorizing your book, it checks the boxes for reader-expected elements. For if it doesn't, we risk disappointing readers and creating a lack of exposure.
What age categories do publishers acknowledge?
Publishers recognize that readers of different age groups have distinct preferences and interests (sort of). This understanding has led to the establishment of specific age categories within the publishing industry. These categories help authors, publishers, and readers find books that are suitable for their target audience.
The first widely recognized age category is "Children's Books," which includes picture books for young children up to around 8 years old. These books often feature colorful illustrations and simple language to engage young readers.
Another popular category is "Middle Grade," aimed at children aged 9-12. Middle-grade novels typically revolve around relatable themes and explore more complex storylines than children's books. They cater to emerging independent readers who are ready for chapter books but not quite ready for young adult literature.
The "Young Adult" (YA) category targets teenagers between the ages of 13-18. YA novels tackle a wide range of topics relevant to this transitional period in a person's life – from self-discovery and first love to navigating societal challenges.
In recent years, a new (contested) category called "New Adult" has emerged, targeting individuals in their late teens or early twenties who are transitioning into adulthood. New Adult fiction often explores themes such as college life, career aspirations, and romantic relationships with characters who share similar experiences. Publishers often don't market these books as New Adult, but rather slot them into YA or Adult. This has lead to multiple issues surrounding authenticity, with younger readers ending up with books featuring too-advanced themes, and older readers feeling overlooked by publishers. It is, however, an emerging category in self-publishing.
Beyond these established categories lies the area known as "Crossover Fiction." Crossover novels appeal to multiple age groups simultaneously by blending elements from different genres or combining complex storytelling with universal themes that resonate across generations. You'll often see this phrased used by agents looking for New Adult books. The crossover space is that gap between the YA and Adult markets. However, it's important to note here that authors are not the ones who determine whether or not their book is cross over, that largely falls to the audience.
Understanding these various age categories can help you identify your target audience while providing publishers with valuable information on how best to market and promote your work. While these age categories usually apply to a target readership, it's also important to note that the characters will usually fall within that age range, too. For example, a middle grade novel is likely to feature characters that are 9-12. A YA novel usually tops out at characters who are 18 (sometimes 19).
Standards for traditional publishing
Traditional publishing has long been seen as the "gold standard" in the industry, with set expectations and standards that authors strive to meet. These standards vary across different genres and categories, but there are a few common elements that agents typically look for. (Because, with trad publishing, rarely will an author be submitting directly to a publisher. Especially larger publishing houses require an author to have an agent in order to submit. So knowing how best to talk about your book in the ways agents and publishers will pitch your book is putting your best foot forward.)
One of the key standards is a well-crafted manuscript that showcases strong writing skills. Publishers want to see polished prose, engaging storytelling, and a unique voice that sets an author apart from others in their genre. This means paying attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation to ensure professional presentation.
In addition to writing quality, traditional publishers also consider marketability when evaluating submissions. They want books that have commercial appeal and can attract a wide audience. This doesn't mean every book needs to be a bestseller, but it does require some level of market potential.
Another important aspect is having an original concept or fresh take on familiar themes. Publishers seek out stories that stand out from the crowd and offer something new or unique to readers. While certain genres have established tropes or conventions, finding ways to put your own spin on them can make your work more appealing.
Furthermore, traditional publishers expect authors who are willing to collaborate and promote their own work actively. Nowadays being active on social media platforms such as Instagram or TikTok is essential for most writers' careers. (Though that doesn't mean having a large following. It simply means being willing to talk about your work to whatever degree you are capable of.)
While these are general standards for traditional publishing, it's important not to get too caught up in rigid rules or expectations. Each publisher may have slightly different criterion they're looking for based on their specific imprint or target audience.
Ultimately, though, if you focus on honing your craft as a writer while staying true – and authentic – to yourself, you'll increase your chances of meeting those elusive publishing standards!
Tempering publishing expectations
While it's important to have high aspirations and dreams of becoming a successful published author, it's equally important to temper your publishing expectations. The publishing industry is highly competitive, and not every manuscript will be accepted or become an instant bestseller. It takes time, perseverance, and a little bit of luck.
Publishers receive thousands of submissions each year, so the competition is fierce. Your manuscript needs to stand out from the crowd with its unique voice, compelling characters, and well-crafted plot.
Additionally, understanding the different age categories recognized by publishers can help guide your writing journey. Whether you're targeting children with picture books or delving into complex themes for young adults, knowing your audience is essential for success.
Genres play a pivotal role in determining which readership your book will appeal to. From romance to mystery, science fiction to historical fiction – there's something for everyone within these genres. By honing in on specific genre conventions while still offering fresh perspectives and originality within your storytelling, you increase your chances of capturing readers' attention.
Knowing the ins and outs of genres, age categories recognized by publishers, standards for traditional publishing practices can greatly improve your chances to make a mark in the publishing industry! Keep honing your craft through writing workshops or courses tailored specifically towards these areas so that when you do submit manuscripts or query agents/editors, they'll know just how serious (and knowledgeable) you are about this field!
Happy writing,
Erin
Comments